
Hi Debi
Firstly...stop comparing your puppy to your previous adult dog. Not only are puppies very differnt to adults, dogs are individuals and no two will ever be the same in character. My Newf is like no other I have ever met....even people who have been in the breed for many years agree that she is a bit unique (and then tell me it's my own fault for having a brown :-D ). She is certainly not what I expected from a Newf but that doesn't make her any less of one...or any less loved and valued.
Ok, so the nighttime barking...I will say first off that I do not use crates and have never crate trained so hopefully others with more experience may come along and offer the value of their experience. That said, I will make a couple of suggestions...is his crate covered with a blanket or similar? If not that is maybe something you could try (blanket draped over 3 sides, leaving the front open). The 'den' environment may help him to feel more secure. Also, you could trying crating him in your bedroom at night...Newfs do generally prefer to be with their people and the closer proximity to you may be enough to settle him....doesn't have to be a permanent arrangement; just until he is broken out of his current pattern and then you can work on moving him further away once you know he can settle all night.
With the general barking in the daytime, really the best thing to do is ignore him while he is barking and then pay attention to him when he is quiet. Obviously, barking to go out is ok but when he barks at other times, ignore him. Leave the room if needs be. Come back and lavish him with attention when he is quiet. He will soon get the idea that barking does not get him what he wants...your children will just have to be a bit patient through this stage and you also need to make sure that thay are not telling him to be quiet etc when he barks...he needs to be completely ignored as any attention at all, even negative attention, will perpetuate the problem.
Stealing things of the table is just him instigating play and when you chase him, you are giving him what he wants. Keep a toy on hand and offer him a swap for whatever he has stolen. Then engage him in a game with the toy...he will get the idea of what is appropriate to play with and what is not. It would also help if he cannot easily get hold of items that he shouldn't. Easier said than done with a rapidly growing giant breed but it will save you a fortune in replacing damaged glasses and the like. Always have a few accessible toys lying around the floor for him to play with but keep a few special ones back to pique his interest when you need to distract him for those occasions when he has got hold of something he shouldn't. Engage him in frequent short games during the day on your terms using his toys (alternate them as much as possible) and he'll soon learn to identify what is appropriate to play with.
Please stop being so hard on yourself. You are doing a good job...honest! :-) Puppies are not easy! The good news is that puppyhood doesn't last forever..before you know it, he'll be a 'teenager' and you'll have a whole new set of issues ;-) :-D :-P