
Has he had a thorough vet check - including a thorough physical exam (not just a once-over but manipulation of joints etc), and a full blood panel (including full thyroid panel)?
Any dog that becomes aggressive after previously being of sound temperament - unless he went through a particular trauma that you've not mentioned - should go to the vet as the first port of call. Many medical issues - notable thyroid problems or pain - can be the root cause, or at least a contributing factor to, aggression. As an example - I have a 6yr old dobe bitch, had her since last Dec. When she came to me, she was very aggressive on furniture and fear aggressive to other dogs. Eventually I realised she was in pain, near her hind end, and from there found out that she had a rotated pelvis. It was treated by an animal chiropractor, and the improvement was fantastic - much, much better on furniture, a lot better with other dogs and happier generally. It even cleared up a bald spot she'd licked on her front foot!
Had I not realised she was hurting I wouldn't have had the progress I've had with her issues; I do regret not getting her that thorough exam right back at the beginning.
Otherwise, the first thing to establish is his comfort zone - how close he is to other dogs before he starts to react (i.e. anything more than just looking at them). Then you can reward heavily for any good behaviour, and gradually get closer to other dogs. This is how I've helped my dog - and she's gone from going ballistic at somewhere between 25 and 40 feet - sometimes a lot more - to actually being able to meet other dogs sometimes and sniff. Still tense, but the difference is dramatic. She has always been fear aggressive (not socialised as a pup) so I would think that a dog with a history of being well socialised would have a head start! Do be careful where you walk - unwritten rules can often mean some areas are more likely to have dogs running up to other dogs. It's a problem I've had with mine, most decent walks round here are like that.
Go for the vet though, definitely a good place to start. Even if nothing turns up and he's totally sound - better to spend a few quid to know there's nothing wrong, than to potentially spend nothing and have a dog that's in pain, or has hormonal imbalances etc.