
You are judging potetial by past expereince of the developemtn of the parents, other litters etc. Of course different lines and individuals can develop quite differently to what you are used to, especially if you have used and outcross.
For example my breed is considered quite slow maturing, especialy the Norwegian lines.
You would expect a young male especially to at some point to be maybe a bit rangy or light in body and shallow in chest, but by four years old chest will drop, the body and head broaden etc.
Now this same type looking finished at 6 months could well become heavy and coarse by maturity.
I spoke to a breeder overseas and she is used to pups chests being at their final position by 12 weeks!!! Now for her a shallow chested pup at 6 months seems wrong.
You also have to be aware how pups in the breed and generally develop. For example at 6 to 8 months a lot of pups in my breed wil go bum high, until they drop into their stifles. They can also be narrow across the chest, causing them to toe out, some will broaden (sometimes not), but genrally they get wider again if they had good width in chest as babies.
Traditionally in my breed in the UK breeders selected their pups at 6 weeks. I prefer 7 weeks as the odd pup can seem low on leg in my expereince at 6 weeks compared to littermates but by 7 to 8 weeks mine seem to have levelled out in development. After 12 weeks I wouldn't like to select from a litter I hadn't watched developing.
It can only be an educated guess, but the more educated and experienced yo7u are in yoru breed and lines the better chance you have of guessing right.