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Topic Dog Boards / Health / Brachycephaly
- By mumford16 [gb] Date 07.01.05 16:59 UTC
does anyone know if a dog has this corrected, can they still be shown ??
also does anyone or has anyone seen a dog with this condition enough to be able to describe the symptons please ?
- By Jeangenie [gb] Date 07.01.05 17:10 UTC
Which breed? Many breeds are supposed to be brachycephalic, but I'm assuming yours isn't or you wouldn't be concerned. In which case it's highly unlikely to be showable, and certainly shouldn't be bred from.
- By mumford16 [gb] Date 07.01.05 17:17 UTC
staffords, being fairly new to the breed, i wouldnt know if this was a problem in the breed or not, i am not sure if this IS what my dog has, which is why i wanted to know the symptons, i am using the process of elimination at the moment while i am waiting for her to go in and be checked on tuesday.
- By Moonmaiden Date 07.01.05 18:13 UTC
In medical terms this is what Brachycephaly means : A short head, one that is short in diameter from front to back. It is not a disease bit a description of the head

Breeds like King Charles Spaniels, Pugs, Pekes etc etc are Brachycephalic & can have Brachycephalic Syndrome 

Brachycephalic breeds are characterized by brachycephalic respiratory syndrome, which affects the different areas of the respiratory tract. Fortunately, most dogs do not suffer from all aspects of the syndrome but you should be aware of which your particular pet may have.

Stenotic Nares - This is a fancy name for narrowed nostrils. The brachycephalic dogs begin by having very small nasal openings for breathing. If this is severe, surgical correction is possible.

Elongated Soft Palate - It is difficult to fit the soft tissues of the canine mouth and throat into the brachycephalic's short face. As a result, the soft palate that separates nasal passage from oral cavity flaps loosely down into the throat, creating snorting sounds. Virtually all brachycephalics suffer from this except that in bulldogs, actual respiratory distress is rare. Excess barking or panting may lead to swelling in the throat that can, in turn, lead to trouble.

Tracheal Stenosis - The brachycephalic's windpipe may be dangerously narrowed in places. This condition creates tremendous anesthetic risk and should be ruled out by chest radiographs prior to any surgical procedures.

Heat Stress - Because of all these upper respiratory obstructions, the brachycephalic dog is an inefficient panter. A dog with a more conventional face and throat is able to pass air quickly over the tongue through panting. Saliva evaporates from the tongue as air is passed across and the blood circulating through the tongue is efficiently cooled and circulated back to the rest of the body.

In the brachycephalic dog, so much extra work is required to move the same amount of air that the airways become inflamed and swollen. This leads to a more severe obstruction, distress, and further over-heating.

Brachycephalic dogs are the most likely candidates for Heat Stroke

Altogether, the upper airways of the brachycephalic dog compromise his or her ability to take in air. Under normal conditions the compromise is not great enough to cause a problem; however, an owner should take care not to let the dog become grossly overweight or get too hot in the summer months.

Be aware of what degree of snorting and sputtering is usual for your individual pet plus, should your pet require general anesthesia or sedation, your veterinarian may want to take extra precautions or take radiographs prior to assess the severity of the syndrome. Anesthetic risk is higher than usual in these breeds, though under most circumstances the necessary extra precautions are readily managed by most vets

Eye Problems

With most of the nasal bones compacted, brachycephalic dogs tend to have trouble with the way their eyes seat in their heads.

First, recognize the prominence of the eyes on these dogs. The boney eye sockets are very shallow. This means that any blow to the back of the head, even a fairly minor one, can cause an eye to pop from its socket and require surgical replacement. This can happen also with too much pulling against the lead  if the pet is wearing a collar.

Sometimes, the eyes are so prominent that the lids cannot close all the way over the eyes. This will lead to irritation and drying of the center of the eye unless surgical correction is performed. If you cannot tell by watching your pet blink, watch as your pet sleeps. Dogs who sleep without closing their eyes all the way could do with surgical correction.

Eyelid problems are common in these breeds. Look for persistent wetness around the eyes. In some dogs, the shape of the eyelids prevents normal tear drainage and there is an overflow. This problem cannot be corrected surgically and is not uncomfortable for the pet; however, there is a more serious condition which looks similar. This second condition involves the rolling inward of the eyelids such that the lashes rub on the eye. Surgery may be needed to correct this problem.

Chronic irritation will show as a pigmented area on the eye surface, especially on the side nearest the nose. This is hard to see without a bright light but if it is noted, a search for the cause is warranted. Depending on the location of the pigmentation, surgery may be recommended.

Other Concerns

The normal dog has 42 teeth in its mouth. The brachycephalic dog also has 42 teeth but a lot less space to fit them in. This means that the teeth will be crowded and growing in at odd angles which, in turn, traps food debris and leads to periodontal disease at a far younger age than in non-brachycephalics. The earlier you begin using home care dental products, the longer you will be able to postpone full dentistry under general anesthesia.

Skin fold infections are common amid the facial folds of the brachycephalic breeds. Be sure to examine these areas periodically for redness. The broad headed nature of these breeds makes reproduction a tricky matter as Caesarean section is frequently needed. Difficult labor is common and, as surgical assistance is often necessary, it is important not to breed females with tracheal stenosis (see above)

Oops forgot to add from an essay I wrote some time ago(long long ago !)
- By Isabel Date 08.01.05 17:37 UTC
Brachycephalic is, as you say, just a description of a shape of head.  None of these abnormalities applied to my Dandie, a brachycephalic breed, except possibly a longer soft palette than usual as she did snore sometimes when asleep but was never limited in her excercise when she never made snorting sounds.  She certainly had a normal array of teeth in fact I remember a very expericenced terrier man telling me one of the things he admired about the breed was the impressive teeth they usually have "teeth a German Shepherd would be proud of" he said.   I don't believe any of the other conditions you describe occur generally in her breed or any of the other brachycephalic terriers so, certainly in their case, I believe it is wrong to describe the syndrome as a characteristic of brachycephalic breeds.
- By Brainless [gb] Date 08.01.05 19:25 UTC
Are we confusing Achondroplasia (short legged) with Brachycephalic (short faced,and undershot)?  I didn't think any Terrier should be Undershot???  Though plenty of them are short legged.
- By Isabel Date 08.01.05 19:33 UTC
Are you replying to me or Moonmaiden, Brainless, the Dandie happens to be brachycephalic and achondroplasic but the Staffie is just brachycephalic I would say.  Did Moonmaiden mention undershot?  Must admit I probably didn't read all of the rather long post :) as it quickly became obvious to me that very little of it applied to the terrier brachycephalics can't really speak about the other breeds.
- By Brainless [gb] Date 08.01.05 19:39 UTC
Well you learn something new all the time,a s I thought One of the main characteristics of Brachy breeds is the undershot jaw.  Staffs are ment to have a Scissor bite, so I wouldn't think they were Brachycephalic, but some are undershot or level increasingly with the fashion for the very bully heads.

Have only ever owned breeds with natural/primitive head type, but even in my own breed any tendency to short muzzle (sometimes seen in the dogs in USA where early maturity is liked) leads to problems with missing or misaligned teeth.
- By Isabel Date 08.01.05 20:58 UTC
brachy = short, cephalic = of the head, being undershot is not required to meet the description and as you say the brachycephalic terriers should not be undershot.
I think any tendency for poor dentition in the examples of your breed that have been bred with a shorter muzzle will be because their head shape is basically not made that way and this sort of exageration is not going to work, a good brachycephalic head has a wide jaw which compensates for the shortness giving the same length of jaw but at a different angle.
- By archer [gb] Date 09.01.05 10:32 UTC
In other words Mumford it is not a problem at all...its a type of head! Your breed should have this type of head and so it is required for the show ring.
Archer
- By mumford16 [gb] Date 09.01.05 19:12 UTC
so could they have problems with laboured breathing and constant 'snoring' even when walking around? and is thid due to a soft pallet or something else ?
- By Isabel Date 09.01.05 19:46 UTC
This would be abnormal for a Staffie, has the vet ruled out any heart problems?
- By mumford16 [gb] Date 10.01.05 10:28 UTC
as i said earlier, she is going in Tuesday (tomorrow) for them to explore the possiblities, on friday they couldnt find what it was so she is going under tomorrow for then to check properly.
- By Jeangenie [gb] Date 09.01.05 11:56 UTC
Isabel, my vet books (and indeed google references) all say that brachycephalic breeds (quote" short, wide muzzle, eg, Pekinese, Pug, Shih Tzu, Bulldog, Boxer") the lower incisors are always close in front of the upper, the mildest cases being a reverse scissor bite, the most extreme cases (eg Bulldog) the lower incisors can be up to 2 inches in front of the upper. The 'Short head' translation is exactly right, but it refers to the upper jaw - the lower jaw is in proportion to the rest of the body but with a compressed upper jaw.

If the standard requires a 'normal' scissor bite, then they aren't a brachycephalic breed.
- By Brainless [gb] Date 09.01.05 12:40 UTC
Now that was my understanding, so are there brachy terriers because to me none of them are???  All the dog books I have read when refering to head tyope show brachy type as Bulldog/Boxer/Peke type.
- By Jeangenie [gb] Date 09.01.05 12:43 UTC
I don't know of any brachy terrier breeds either, Brainless. :confused:
- By Isabel Date 09.01.05 14:53 UTC
I have always known that head shape to be called brachycephalic as did my vet when discussing aneasthetics for my Dandie (which when shaved of their topnots are pretty much like a Staffie) as a longer soft palette is a feature.  I have always regarded the bulldogs etc, as at the extreme end of the group with very short muzzles rather than just short muzzles but I don't have any difficulty in applying the term to these terriers as clearly their muzzles are shorter than the classic canine shape as in the GSD for instance, they also share some other features associated with the shorter muzzle type such as a rounder head and more forward placed eyes.  I wonder what other term would be more appropriate?
- By archer [gb] Date 11.01.05 11:12 UTC
I was suprised when someone said that staffy are a brachy breed....always thought it refered to the more 'squashed' face breeds.
Archer
- By Isabel Date 11.01.05 11:30 UTC
Not just my vet but Mumfor16's too.  I have had a look at Google too, several references gave Pugs and Bulldogs as examples perhaps people will think of these breeds as they are the most talked about within the group due to their exageration and problems that may arise from that.  Many more references I found just defined the group as short headed.  I also found Moonmaidens essay, do you work for a vets in America, Moonmaiden, if not they have nicked it off you!
- By Christine Date 12.01.05 07:19 UTC
Think I found the same site as you Isabel with M/M`s essay ;) :)

Christine, Spain.
- By mumford16 [gb] Date 12.01.05 08:30 UTC
Well she has mild phneomonia (sp!) they have taken fluid and sent it away for tests. her larynx and tracaea are small (not uncommon) larynx is slightly swollen when she has been trying harder with her breathing. prognosis is not known as yet. She is on anit biotics and had to stay in last night as she didnt cope too well with the anesthetic. as you can imagine i am very worried about her and cant wait to see her today !!
- By lel [gb] Date 12.01.05 18:52 UTC
Hope shes ok Mumford16 :)
Topic Dog Boards / Health / Brachycephaly

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