
Is the poster talking about progesterone testing to find out when a bitch ovulates, or testing a males sperm for quality/numbers/motility.
I assumed by fertility test they mean the latter.
In both cases just because a bitch ovulated, or the dog has a good sperm count/motility doesn't guarantee a pregnancy resulting in live pups, as there are so many additional factors beyond simple ability to conceive, the fertilised eggs then need to implant, placentas establish etc, all controlled by complex balance of hormones and lack of negative influence like infection.
At any point from fertilisation to birth a litter or individual whelps can be lost, often long before their presence could ever be confirmed. It's amazing that bitches produce litters so consistently as it is..