Not sure what causes a singleton, except that it's the bitch that decides.Not always true I am afraid. I mated my girl to a dog and had a singleton, later turned out that it could have been him who had a problem, although not easy to prove one way or another and there is a possiblility she was mated at the wrong time of course, but I would say it could be either. She carried two litters of 9 to other males, one prior to the singleton, one after.
Aileen