Some years ago our 10 year old collie had a hernia operation and, during the surgery, the vet removed his prostate gland as it was enlarged. He also had to be castrated (the dog not the vet ;) ).
The only after effect was occasional bladder leakage, usually during sleep. But he had a further three good years before being pts due to debilitating arthritis.
Our last male Storm (RIP) had an enlarged prostate and was castrated on the vets recommendation at the grand old age of 8 years. After only 2 weeks his prostate had returned to its normal size. Later that year he sadly went on to contract Lymphoma, obviously nothing to do with the enlarged Prostate.