
The gene is from the mother on her X chromosome
I know others on here have other ideas but I did & do study geneitcs, & in dogs the sex characteristics are carried on the X chromosomes which males get from their mother
The X & Y chromosomes sre different lengths & the X is longer. The SC sre on the part of the X chromosome that is not matched by the Y chromosome
If it was on the Y chromosome all offspring sired by a dog with only one testicle would also only have one testicle which is not the case, the reverse also applies an entire dog would not be able to produce an offspring with one or no testicles
Therefore it has to be carried by the female & if she has only one defective gene you half a 50/50 chance of any male puppy being not entire, if she has two then all the male puppies will be affected(very rare as she receives one gene from her father & few people use dogs that are not entire)
It can be many generations before it appears & then the finger is always pointed at the sire when in fact the probles lies hidden in the bitches breeding