
The genes that produce the sex characteristics on the X & Y chromosomes
The gene that produces the testicles is carried on the X chromosome which male dogs inherit from their mothers
The father provides the Y chromosome.
Therefore bitches that produce males with no testicles. one testicle or undescended testicles are carriers & really should not be bred from as is a 50/50 chance for each male puppy to have the fault & also for the females to be carriers
An unentire male used at stud will only produce unentire sons if the bitch is a carrier, but ALL his daughters WILL be carriers & so the fault will passed on