
You can get balls with sticky-out bits that can be grasped through a muzzle, I can't think what they're called but they resemble an underwater mine!
Dogs like this certainly can be changed but it does take time, a lot of patience and not a little bit of practice to get into the swing of it! Other people will always set it back such as this woman with the terrier - but this is why it's so important to keep that muzzle on. You can set your foster up to succeed as best as you can but you cannot control other people. What you can do is try to distract other dogs that come over - throwing a handful of treats on the ground in front of them can work quite well as they stop to sniff them out, giving you a chance to leg it. I've heard quite a few people say that shouting 'sit!' in the voice of doom can often be effective too although I've never tried it.
In future I would keep everything to a minimum to begin with. So if you see dogs playing like this one again, do a tiny bit of work far away (rewarding for looking at the dogs and for looking away/turning away) then leave before anything can go wrong. Less is more with reactive dogs.
Also, if you do have a day like yesterday (and you will), do make sure you give him a few days' break at least to let the stress levels drop back down again. Stress stacks and sticks - each time he sees another dog a little bit of stress will stack up, a big bit if it's a full kick-off like yesterday, and each bit of stress sticks around for a few days or more (depending on the dog and the level of the stress - e.g. Phoebe is terrified of hoovers but gets over it within minutes these days, but a ride in the car would take her at least a week to recover from). It's very easy to end up with a dog permanently wired from stress if you don't give them sufficient rest inbetween exposures, and in that state you won't make any progress and reactions are much more likely.