> so perhaps they can spot tiny subtle differences between your dogs - not just appearance but maybe little mannerisms.
I think they must be able to tell predatory mannerisms/behaviour.
I've been quite amused at a crow we've been spotting on our walks. It will stay where it is untill we are about 10ft away from it, then it casually flies behaind us, out of the way. Buster shows an interest in the bird, but he's not a chaser and I am sure the bird can tell that Buster is no threat to it.
Birds that visit the garden seem to tell when the cat is showing more than a passing interest in them too.